Are your nails discolored? Are they turning white, yellow, or brown and/or progressively thickening? You may have a fungal infection! Fungus is the primary cause of nail deformities. Other causes can include bacterial or yeast infections and trauma to the nail plate. It’s important to recognize these changes in the early stages in order to successfully treat the infection.
Fungus: A fungal nail, also known as onychomycosis, is one of the most difficult conditions in the lower extremity to treat, and often times reoccur even after it is effectively treated. Fungi are microscopic organisms that typically live in warm, dark, moist environments–for example the inside of your shoe. Hyperhydrosis, or excessive sweating in the feet, as well as living in humid conditions can further aid in causing a fungal infection. It can easily spread to your skin via microscopic tears or to the nail via damage or lifting of the nail, many times unnoticeable. It begins as a small white, yellow or brown spot that progressively grows and spreads. People with compromised immune systems, as well as people with poor circulation, such as diabetics, are more susceptible to fungal infections.
Manicures/Pedicures: AVOID! Period. Nail salons are a key source to most fungal infections. Many nail salons (including the fancy, high-end ones!!) fail to sterilize their tools and equipment properly. If you find you’re absolutely unable to avoid nail salons, bring your own tools. You can easily purchase a set from your local drugstore. Also, don’t let your technician cut or push back your cuticles, as this is a portal of entry. Lastly, avoid artificial nails, which tend to be the perfect place for a fungus to harbor.
Treatment: Your Podiatrist will diagnose your nails by clinical observation and possibly taking a biopsy. There are three main types of treatments available, topical medication, oral medication, and laser therapy. The most effective treatment is a combination of these therapies. Topical medications have the lowest cure rate, so don’t waste your money buying over-the-counter products, unless you’re in the very early stages of the infection. Visit your doctor for more information about treatment options.
Tips: Wear breathable socks to allow proper ventilation of your feet and change them frequently, especially if you perspire. It is also important to disinfect your shoes on a daily basis-using Lysol or anti-fungal foot powder as well as allowing your shoes to sit in sunlight will aid in this. Control perspiration of your feet with over-the-counter or prescription strength antiperspirant. For excessive amounts of sweating, contact your podiatrist for other treatment modalities, such as Botox injections in your feet. Avoid walking barefoot in public showers, swimming pools, etc. Finally, keep your nails cut short and filed down as low as possible.
