The American Diabetes Association estimates that one in five people with diabetes who seek hospital care do so for foot problems. Diabetes can affect the nerves and vessels in your feet and lead to severe and chronic problems and could even result in a foot or leg amputation. Therefore, it is crucial to check your feet daily and visit your Podiatrist every 6 months if you are diabetic.
Inspect your feet daily. If you are unable to bend, utilize a mirror or ask a family member to check the soles of your feet for any cracks or openings. Areas of callus/corns are due to an increase in pressure to those points which can ulcerate–accommodative shoes/orthotics can help prevent them from occurring. Check in between the toes for fissures or discoloration. It is common for diabetics to develop a fungal infection in the interspace due to the moist environment.
Protect your feet. Wear cotton, diabetic socks and change them frequently throughout the day. Never go barefoot, even in your household. Wear accommodative, well fitting shoes to avoid friction which can lead to blisters and ulcers. Medicaid/Medicare patients may be eligible for a free pair of diabetic shoes yearly, so check with your local podiatrist for more information. Inspect the inside of the shoes before putting them on, and inspect your socks after you take them off for any signs of blood or fluid.
Trim your nails. Trimming your nails frequently can prevent pressure points in your toes. Utilizing pliers-style nail nippers allows for more control than a traditional nail clipper and are sold in all drug stores for approximately $5. Remember to cut the nails at a straight edge, not curved, to prevent ingrown nails. If you have poor vision, back problems, loss of sensation, or a history of ulcers, seek professional nail care from your local Podiatrist.
Wash your feet with warm water and mild soap daily. You can test the temperature of the water with your elbow if you have loss of sensation in your feet. Make sure to dry your feet thoroughly, especially in between the toes. Apply cream daily to the entire feet to prevent cracks or fissures and avoid applying cream in between the toes.
Keep blood flowing to your feet. While sitting for long periods, elevate the extremities and perform simple exercises to stretch the muscles and increase the blood flow to your feet. Some examples are to wiggle your toes or move your ankles back and forth repetitively.
Lastly and most importantly, control your blood sugar. Check your levels daily and take your medications as instructed on time. Keep record of your blood sugar and report it to your primary care physician so they can manage you accordingly. Never be afraid to ask questions and make sure your doctors are all aware of any changes in your body.
